Tissue Culture Implementation

Image: Strawberry Tissue Culture (Noftrianinda et al (2017)

Tissue culture is a technique of vegetative propagation of plants by manipulating somatic tissue by growing plant parts, whether in the form of cells, tissues or organs (roots, stems, leaves, shoots, etc.) under aseptic conditions in vitro. Tissue culture techniques are characterized by aseptic or sterile conditions from all kinds of contaminants, using culture media that have complete nutritional content and using ZPT (growth regulators), and the room conditions where tissue culture is carried out are regulated by temperature and lighting.

Tissue Culture cultivates plant tissue into new plants that have the same characteristics as the parent. The theory that forms the basis of tissue culture is the theory of cell totipotency, written by Schleiden and Schwann, that living parts of plants that have totipotency, if cultivated in an appropriate environment, can grow into perfect plants.

The implementation of tissue culture techniques aims to eliminate a disease or produce disease-free seeds, preserve germplasm, obtain superior varieties and produce secondary metabolites. Therefore, tissue culture techniques are very important to be applied in plant propagation for both agricultural and plantation crops.

Basri's research results (2016) state that tissue culture is one of the techniques used to produce virus-free seeds in large quantities and in a relatively short time. One of the most effective ways to control viruses is to use tissue culture either with callus culture techniques or with apical meristems. The use of the apical meristem culture method is very potential as an effort to eliminate viruses that infect systemically because the proliferation of apical meristem cells is faster than the spread of the virus.

Another experiment was conducted by Nofrianinda et al (2017) which aimed to determine the effect of the media on the growth and development of the Droit variety strawberry plant. Based on the experiments that have been carried out, it was found that the growth of strawberry plants (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) Dorit varieties grown on different MP media showed significant differences in root growth, shoot growth and increase in the number of leaves. The type of variation of MP media that is suitable and produces the fastest growth response is MP3 media because it has a higher concentration of MS solution, namely 75% compared to the others, so that the nitrogen source needed is more sufficient.

 

References:

Basri, A. H. H. 2016. Kajian Pemanfaatan Kultur Jaringan Dalam Perbanyakan Tanaman Bebas Virus. Agrica Ekstensia. Vol. 10 No. 1: 64-73

https://sumber.belajar.kemdikbud.go.id/

Nofrianinda, V., Yulianti, F., & Agustina, E. 2017. Pertumbuhan Planlet Stroberi (Fragaria ananassa D) Var. Dorit pada Beberapa Variasi Media Modifikasi In Vitro di Balai Penelitian Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (BALITJESTRO). Biotropic 2017. 1. (1): 41 –50